James w



(No Model.) N

J. W. JOHNSON '82 R. WHITAKER.

WRENCH.

No. 588,438, 7 Patented Aug. 17,1897.

Fig.1

I!!! III! WITNESSES I [NZENTORS Janna Wflfinwm wiry MM M m 4 6.6: munch/Attorney.

45 I strength of the wrench.

.A and the narrow part B the handle.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES W. JOHNSON AND RICHARD WHITAKER, OF NEW BRUNSVVIOK, NEW JERSEY,ASSIGNORS TO THE NEVERSLIP MANUFACTURING COMPANY,

OF SAME PLACE.

WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 588,438, dated August17, 1897.

i Application filetl April 7, 1897. Serial No. 631,133. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, JAMES W. JOHNSON and RICHARD W ITAKER, citizens ofthe United States, residing at New Brunswick, in the county of MiddleseXand State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in renches, of which the following is a specification,reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

Our invention relates to wrenches having rigid jaws. I

The objects of our invention are to provide a simple and inexpensivewrench possessing great strength, intended to rotate objects ofsubstantially cylindrical form in either one of opposite directions, andis intended mainly to secure calks into horseshoes orto remove themtherefrom. We attain these objects by the construction illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a top view of a wrenchconstructed in accordance with our invention. Fig. 2 is a transversesection of the same on line 00 at of Fig. 1. horseshoe-call: upon whichthe wrenchis particularly well adapted to operate.

The wrench consists of a tapering piece of steel, the widest partconstituting the head These parts are integral, but the head is alsomade thicker than the handle. Within the head there is formed a taperingslot 0, having its narrow end toward the handle, and consequently itswider end at a farther distance from the handle. This arrangement of thetapering slot relatively to the handle produces better results than ifthe wider portion of the slot was toward the handle. The reason is thatas large rods or pipes generally require greater force to rotate themthey will occupy within the slot a position farther from the outer endof the handle, and the operator will thus obtain greater leverage andconsequently greater power. The closing of the slot at its outer endgreatly increases the The innersurface of one side of the slot isprovided with transverse serrations c to engage with the surface Fig. 3is a side view of a .of the bod yintended to be rotated. The innersurface of the opposite side of the slot has a segmental concavity dlengthwise thereof, that thereby provides two acute edges d opposite theserrations c.

It is evident that if the serrations are pressed with sufficient forceagainst an object placed within the slot they will form slightindentations in the surface of said object, and said indentationsgreatly increase the adherence of said parts, and the indentations thusmade should, if possible, not be mashed flat again by the opposite faceof the slot while the wrench is made to take a new grip upon the object,and this desideratum is accomplished by the concavity d. This advantageis particularly useful to apply or to remove horseshoe-calks, as shownat E in Fig. 3, that have a portion of their periphery milled at e orprovided with fine serrations corresponding-with the serrations c in thewrench.

As a person applying calks to horseshoes generally stands with head andneck bent on a level with his knees, or, as sometimes said, stands onhis head, on one side of the head of the wrench is stamped an arrow withthe word In, to indicate the direction of rotation to drive a calk inits hole in the shoe, and on the opposite side (not shown in thedrawings) another arrow pointing in the opposite direction with the wordOut alongside thereof.

Having now fully described our invention, we claim- A wrench having ahead A and handle B integral therewith, said head having a taperingslot, the small end of which is toward the handle, one side of said slothaving serrations, and the other side a segmental cavity lengthwisethereof substantially as described.

In testimony whereof-we aflix our signatures in presence of twowitnesses.

JAMES w. JOHNSON. RICHARD WHITAKER,

